How to Reduce OB/GYN Malpractice Claims
A landmark study shows how patient simulation can be an OB/GYN’s best defense
A 2021 study published in Obstetrics & Gynecology revealed some compelling results for Obstetricians/Gynecologists (OB/GYNs) – but also those working in risk management. The study, “Association of Simulation Training with Rates of Medical Malpractice Claims Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists,” is potentially a game changer. It determined that simulation training significantly lowered malpractice claim rates for OB/GYNs.1
In this article, we provide you with some key takeaways from the study, as well as some of our own content and research related to the topic of maternal outcomes.
Key takeaway #1: The data on maternal outcomes shows that improvement is needed now.
While reduced malpractice claims were used as a measure, the study is ultimately about improving patient outcomes.
The study underscores that in the U.S., obstetric adverse events are estimated to occur in between 2% and 16% of all deliveries. One analysis found that 40.5% of adverse events could have been prevented.2
Background
Maternal mortality in the U.S. has continued to rise over the last few decades.3 New data found that the maternal mortality rate in 2021 was 32.9 deaths per 100,000 live births, compared with 23.8 in 2020.4 This represents a 38% increase in maternal deaths. The rate for Black women was 2.6 times the rate for non-Hispanic White women.
This alarming data raises concerns not only for patient safety, but for legal liability as well. OB/GYNs have one of the highest malpractice insurance rates of any medical profession,5 and 79% of OB/GYNs have been involved in a malpractice suit.6
Whatever your connection to labor and delivery, the data confirms that taking steps to make an impact on these numbers deserves priority.
Key takeaway #2: This study was extensive, and spanned over several years.
The retrospective study was led by doctors and staff affiliated with four institutions: the Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the CRICO/Risk Management Foundation of the Harvard Medical Institutions.7 They looked at the performance of 292 OB/GYNs, all of whom were covered by the same insurer and all of whom undertook one or more simulation training sessions from 2002 to 2019. The trainings involved low-frequency, high-acuity obstetric scenarios, and focused on teamwork, communication, and organizational culture. Each training was followed immediately by debriefing.
What the study revealed is that simulation training resulted in a nearly 50% decrease in malpractice claim rates.
drop in malpractice claims during the study period.8
What the study also revealed is that attending more than one simulation session was associated with a greater reduction in claim rates. The physicians who attended three or more trainings had significantly lower post-simulation claim rates than the physicians who attended a single training.
Background
Research has been done in this area in the past but hasn’t been as highly publicized.
In 2012, the Premier Hospital network published a similar study based on 14 hospitals that participated in the Premier Perinatal Safety Initiative designed to train OB/GYNs and assist staff in response procedures to perinatal emergencies. The 14 hospitals used simulation as a training method. The results were that OB claims per delivery at the 13 hospitals decreased by 37%.9, 10
Key takeaway #3: Malpractice claim rates are an objective measure of success.
Measuring the effectiveness of a simulation program can be a challenge. In many studies, Likert scales are used to measure whether the participant felt that the training was valuable or believes that their skills have improved, vs. looking at the effect on clinical outcomes.11 Likert scales present participants with a statement and asks them to rate the extent to which they agree with it, using values ranging from "strongly agree" to "neutral" to "strongly disagree."12
In this study, malpractice claims substantively take the place of a Likert scale or other measures. The study points out that claim rates are an objective, tangible, indicator of success. Major insurance carrier CRICO oversaw the collection of claims data to ensure impartiality and reliability.
When it comes to the impact simulation can have on a hospital’s bottom line, this study shows how simulation can pay off.
Key takeaway #4: Teamwork and communication count.
The authors of the study affirmed what experts have known for some time: the skills gained during the simulation trainings – namely, effective teamwork during high-acuity situations – helped promote safer care, leading to fewer adverse outcomes that could potentially become malpractice claims later.13
Background
Concerns about communication and teamwork and how they can impact patient outcomes date back as far as the Institute of Medicine’s famous report, To Err Is Human, published in 1999. When looking at the root causes of adverse patient events, communication and teamwork breakdowns are the common thread.
The Joint Commission found that 72% of adverse obstetric events were caused by communication issues.14
Recent research found that malpractice claims involving communication breakdowns were significantly less likely to be dropped, denied, or dismissed – and their mean total costs were higher. 17
There was a time when communication and teamwork skills were considered separate from clinical skills. Today, they are considered an integral part of the delivery of clinical skills and patient safety.
Helping save maternal lives
Over 50% of the typical hospital’s risk management budget is spent in labor and delivery.18 The staggering cost of malpractice insurance has led hospitals to seek alternatives. A study performed by the American Society of Healthcare Risk Management found that 80% of hospital risk managers are self-insuring their physicians.19 This all points back to the risk associated with labor and delivery and the potential consequences for patients – consequences that experts agree are preventable in many cases.
With maternal mortality rates continuing to climb, Laerdal is committed to helping reverse this trend.
Laerdal’s mission is helping save lives. We pursue that mission by helping organizations like yours use simulation to educate and train your staff to provide optimal care. Our goal is to help save an additional 1 million lives annually by the year 2030. We seek out specific areas in healthcare where the need is crucial, with labor and delivery currently being one of the foremost.
Below, you’ll find an abundance of resources to help you get started with using simulation to improve maternal patient safety while reducing liability. And if you’d like to speak with a Laerdal representative, please fill out the form below.
Helping You Make an Impact on Maternal Outcomes
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Realistinen ja edullinen harjoittelu äidin ja vastasyntyneen hoitoon
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pdf | 0.99 MB
Keeping Mothers and Babies Safe Infographic
One of the most important objectives during labor and delivery is recognizing the potential risks to the mother and baby. Learn more with this free infographic.
References
- Schaffer, A. C., Babayan, A., Einbinder, J. S., Sato, L., & Gardner, R. (2021). Association of Simulation Training With Rates of Medical Malpractice Claims Among Obstetrician-Gynecologists. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 138(2), 246–252. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004464
- Ibid
- CDC. (2020). Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/maternal-mortality/2021/maternal-mortality-rates-2021.htm
- Adinma, J. (2016). Litigations and the obstetrician in clinical practice. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 6(2); 74-79. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.181847
- Gallegos, A. (2021). Medscape Malpractice Report 2021. Medscape. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2021-malpractice-report-6014604#5
- Schaffer, A. C., Babayan, A., Einbinder, J. S., Sato, L., & Gardner, R. (2021). See reference #1.
- Ibid
- Riley, W., Begun, J. W., Meredith, L., Miller, K. K., Connolly, K., Price, R., & Davis, S. (2016). Integrated approach to reduce perinatal adverse events: Standardized processes, interdisciplinary teamwork training, and performance feedback. Health Services Research, 51, 2431-2452. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12592
- Riley, W., Meredith, L. W., Price, R., Miller, K. K., Begun, J. W., McCullough, M., & Davis, S. (2016). Decreasing malpractice claims by reducing preventable perinatal harm. Health Services Research, 51, 2453-2471. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12551
- Schaffer, A. C., Babayan, A., Einbinder, J. S., Sato, L., & Gardner, R. (2021). See reference #1.
- Jamieson, S. (2017). Likert Scale. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Likert-Scale
- Schaffer, A. C., Babayan, A., Einbinder, J. S., Sato, L., & Gardner, R. (2021). See reference #1.
- The Joint Commission. (2004). Sentinel Event Alert 30: Preventing infant death and injury during delivery. Retrieved from https://www.jointcommission.org/resources/patient-safety-topics/sentinel-event/sentinel-event-alert-newsletters/sentinel-event-alert-issue-30-preventing-infant-death-and-injury-during-delivery/#.YjDbZHrMKUl
- White, A., Pichert, J., Bledsoe, S., Irwin, C., & Entman, S. Cause and effect analysis of closed claims in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:1031–8. doi: 10.1097/01.Aog.0000158864.09443.77)
- CRICO. (2010). Malpractice risks in obstetrics: 2010 CRICO Strategies national CBS report
- Humphrey, K., Sundberg, M., Milliren, C., Graham, D., & Landrigan, C. Frequency and Nature of Communication and Handoff Failures in Medical Malpractice Claims. Journal of Patient Safety, 18(2), p. 130-137. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000937
- Premier Perinatal Safety Initiative. (2012). Reducing preventable birth injuries and liability claims through evidence-based care, enhanced teamwork. Retrieved from https://gshrm.org/images/meeting/091313/premier_white_paper_nov2012_final.pdf
- Brimmer, K. (2012). Risks involved with self-insuring physicians. Healthcare Finance. Retrieved from https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/risks-involved-self-insuring-physicians-0